1. Comparing Mitosis and Mieosis is very hard because even though they're a similiar idea, the process is very different. In Mitosis there are different stages of cell development. To be specific there are four different stages. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. In Mitosis there are three big stages, Meiosis, Meiosis I, and Meiosis II.

The final outcome of Mitosis is two gentically equal cells with the same ammount of chromosomes and the same nucleus. The final outcome of Meisis is four genetically equal cells. The difference between the two different processes is that one produces two cells, while the other produces four. But the similarities are that all the cells that are produced contain the same DNA and chromosomes as the parent.

In situations where Mitosis would be favoured over Meiosis would be human birth. Usually when a women gets pregnant she hopes for just one or two babies, not four all at once so in that situation Mitosis would be favoured over Meiosis.

4. Sexual reproduction: is when organisms produce offspring, that are genetically different from each other, from either parent, and species. Asexual reproductions: this is where a clone is produced, only one parent is required to produce.

The difference between the two is that in asexual reproduction there is only one parent needed to produce, where in sexual reproduction you need two parents. Some benefits from sexual reproduction is in most mammals cases a natural protection from predators, but a disadvantage is fewer offspring are produced, so if the number of predators increase a population will decline. A benefit of asexual reproduction is that you don't need the energy to find a mate to reproduce rather than in sexual reproduction where you use alot energy finding a mate. But a disadvantage is offsprings are usually preyed upon and unprotected.

The diversity of life reflects the advantages of one over the other because although there are many many species on earth there may not be an equal ammount of oganisms with in the species.


Some examples of internal fertilization are humans who usually poduce one offspring, cats who have a litter of 5-7 kittens and a flowering plant that usually just produces one flower. Examples of External fertilization are birds who usually have an offspring of 3-4, and moss which in some cases may double in size. Some examples of common problems that can happen in the utero are infectious diseases and impegnantation.

2. The stages of fetal development are first trimester which lastes 4-12 weeks, second trimester which lasts 16-24 weeks and third trimester which lasts 26-38 weeks. During the first trimester, many important things happen. At 4 weeks the brain and spinal cord forms. At 8 weeks bone cells have formed and the baby is now called a fetus. At 12 weeks the sexual differentation has almost completely formed.

During the second trimester the fetus grows quite quickly from 12-16 weeks. But after it's growth rate slows down and by the time 20 weeks occures the mother can feel the fetus moving around. At 24 weeks the eyelids open, and with speilaized care the fetus can survive outside of the mother.

In the third trimester the baby continues growth getting ready for birth. During the third trimester the brain of the fetus grows significantly. At 32 week, or eight months fat begins to build on the baby which will help keep the baby warm after birth. At the end of the third trimester the fetus weighs a total of 3300g and is 40 to 50cm long.

Scientists use comparative embryology to look at evolution. They compare other species who develop in similair ways. An example of this is during the very early stages of the life many species look very alike. But during the second trimester is really when you see change, and can really identify what species the animal is from. Embryology is a science of examining a developing embyo from the fertilization stage to birth.

Cell A has entered early interphase. This when te cell carries ot all of the normal life functions of the cell. Cell B is beginning to make the chromosomes into short and thick rods. This indicates the first stages on mitosis or cell division.

The larger cell has fully entered into prophase, where the chromosomes have become thicker and shorter in size. This is when they begin to move towards the middle of the cell.

The C cell has reached the middle of mitosis, which is called metaphose. During Metaphose the chromosomes have been developed into short and thick rods, which move to the centre of the cell into a line.

In this stage the cell D has entered into early anaphase where each chromosome has doubled and the two parts are seperating as they move away from eachother the form into a V shape facing eachother. S is indicating the lower level of the cell where the spindle fibers are fait but can be seen.

In cell E all the chromosomes have now completely seperated, this indicates that the cell has reached te main part of mitosis. This is when the cell produces two duplicated sets of chromosomes. The two new sets of chromosomes are beginning to move further away from each other. The B cells are going into the first stages of prophase.

In cell F two sets of chromosomes are now much further apart now. This is the stage of late Anaphase. Once the two sets get the farthest apart from eachother they willl start to organize themselves into two seperate nucleus. Although the two cells have starting making themselves into nucleus no cell wall has developed yet. 

The is Telophase, the final stage of Mitosis.  Two sets of chromosomes in Cell G have now began to form a dense mass which will become two different nuclues for each new cell. Single chromosomes can no longer be seen. In between the two cells are spindle fiber, where you can see a faint line where the new cell wall will begin to form between the two new cells.

The Cell H shows the very last stage of Mitosis. The cell walls still haven't been fully built between the two cells. The Cell A have finished mitosis, and have moved into interphase. The new nuclui can be seen, and the cell walls have been completely built, which divides the original cell into two completely different cells. The two cells will soon grow in size, and after a point of time they will then begin mitosis again.

What is Mutations? Mutations are when there is change in the genetic information (DNA) in the gene.

What causes Mutations? Mutagens are what cause Mutations. Mutagens such as mercury, cigarette smoke, x-rays and UV radiation, and some viruses cause mutations.

Positive Mutation is when a gene mutation benefits the individual. An example of this is when a seven year old girl had lucemia and a scientist injected her with with the HIV virus and it turned out to save her life and kill all the lucemia in the girl.

Negative Mutation is when the gene mutation harms the individual. An example of this is when some poeple are born with curved red blood cells rather than disced red blood cells.

Neutral Mutation is when the gene mutation doesn't affect the individual. An example of this if you have naturally curly or straight hair.

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                       Do Expensive Detergents clean better then cheaper varieties?

Science 9                     Partners: Austin, Jessica and Shae                          Andrena Hilder
Block C
September 10, 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this Lab is to find out which detergent clean better stains in a controlled amount of time.

Hypothesis: I predict Tide Cold Water will make the cloth clean and stain free because the container says that the detergent cleans at lower temperatures.

Materials: Cloth, Ketchup Tide, Woolite, Sunlight, Wester Family, eye dropper, beaker and water.

Procedures: 1. Cut Cloth into 5 strips, and stain cloth with ketchup and let sit overnight.
2. Measure out 10 drops of each different detergent in 200ml of water and mix with room tempurature water.
3. Wash cloth for 3 minutes.
4. Let cloth dry completely.
5. Record you results with pictures.

Observation: Tide: Washed clean with little to no traces of ketchup in the grooves of the fabric, resulting in the best clean of four detergents and water.

Sunlight: The end result of the wash was being able to see the stain more clearly then the tide. Although Sunlight is designed for grease stains it didn;t clean aswell as i thought it would.

Woolite: This product surprised me the most because although woolite is designed for hand washing and is $4's more then the other detergents, it cleaned half as good. You can see clearly where the ketchup stain was and still is.

Western Family: The cloth after being washed was just as clean as when the cloth was washed with Sunlight. There where large to meduim traces of ketchup on the fabric

Water: Washing the cloth is just room temperature is definatley not good enough to clean out all of the ketchup in the cloth. This made the water only cleaning method the least affective.

Conclusion: I conclude by saying that the tide cold water cleaned the ketchup stain on the cloth best, resulting in saying that Tide cold water has the best cleaning power. Water had the opposite result giving the least affect out of the four detergents. The end result of this experiment was that Tide Cold Water cleaned the best and, just water cleaned the worst.